Blepharoplasty, commonly known as eyelid surgery, is performed to remove excess skin, muscle, and sometimes fat from the upper and/or lower eyelids to improve the appearance or function of the eyelids. The procedure typically begins with the administration of anesthesia, which can be either local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia, depending on the patient's needs and the surgeon's recommendation. For the upper eyelids, the surgeon makes an incision along the natural crease of the eyelid to remove or reposition fat deposits, tighten muscles, and trim excess skin. For the lower eyelids, the surgeon may make an incision just below the lower lash line or on the inside of the lower eyelid (a transconjunctival approach) to remove or redistribute fat, and possibly remove some excess skin.

Once the necessary adjustments have been made, the surgeon uses fine sutures to close the incisions, which are strategically placed to minimize visible scarring. In some cases, supportive therapies like laser resurfacing may be employed to further enhance the skin's appearance around the eyes. Post-operative care includes guidelines on managing swelling and bruising, using prescribed ointments and medications to prevent infection, and advice on activities to avoid during the recovery period. Patients are typically advised to keep their head elevated, apply cold compresses, and protect their eyes from excessive sun exposure. Recovery can take a few weeks, with most patients experiencing notable improvements within a few months.